Gucukumbura ibintu bya lithium muri bateri ya lithium: Urufunguzo rwo kurinda umutekano wa bateri n'imikorere.

Muraho, nshuti! Waba uzi inkomoko yibanze yingufu ziri mubikoresho bya elegitoronike tudashobora kubaho tutari munsi, nka terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa? Nibyo, ni bateri ya lithium. Ariko urumva ikintu giteye ikibazo muri bateri ya lithium - isahani ya lithium? Uyu munsi, reka dusuzume byimazeyo ibintu bya lithium byo muri bateri ya lithium, dusobanukirwe icyo aricyo cyose, ingaruka zizana, nuburyo dushobora guhangana nacyo.

I. Isahani ya lithium muri bateri ya lithium ni iki?

Isahani ya Litiyumu muri bateri ya lithium ni nk "" impanuka nto "mwisi ya bateri. Muri make, mubihe byihariye, lithium ion muri bateri igomba gutura neza kuri electrode mbi, ariko, aho, igwa nabi hejuru ya electrode mbi hanyuma igahinduka lithium metallic, kimwe no gukura amashami mato. Twise iyi lithium dendrite. Ibi bintu bikunze kugaragara mubushyuhe buke cyangwa mugihe bateri yashizwemo inshuro nyinshi. Kuberako muri iki gihe, ioni ya lithium ibura muri electrode nziza ntishobora kwinjizwa mubisanzwe muri electrode mbi kandi irashobora "gushinga ibirindiro" hejuru ya electrode mbi.

II. Kuki isahani ya lithium ibaho?

Litiyumu isahani ntigaragara kubwimpamvu. Biterwa nibintu byinshi bikorana.

Ubwa mbere, niba "inzu nto" ya electrode mbi itari nini bihagije, ni ukuvuga, ubushobozi bwa electrode mbi ntibihagije kugirango habeho ion zose za lithium ziva muri electrode nziza, noneho ioni ya litiro irenze irashobora kugwa gusa hejuru yubuso. electrode mbi.

Icya kabiri, witonde mugihe wishyuza! Niba kwishyuza ubushyuhe buke, hamwe numuyoboro munini, cyangwa kurenza urugero, ni nko kugira abashyitsi benshi baza kuri "inzu nto" ya electrode mbi yose icyarimwe. Ntishobora kubyitwaramo, kandi ioni ya lithium ntishobora kwinjizwa mugihe, bityo ibintu bya lithium bibaho.

Na none, niba imiterere yimbere ya bateri idakozwe muburyo bushyize mu gaciro, nkaho niba hari iminkanyari mu gutandukanya cyangwa selile ya batiri yahinduwe, bizagira ingaruka kumuhira murugo rwa ioni ya lithium kandi bigatuma badashobora kubona icyerekezo cyiza, aricyo birashobora kuganisha byoroshye kuri lithium.

Mubyongeyeho, electrolyte ni nk "" umuyobozi muto "kuri lithium ion. Niba ingano ya electrolyte idahagije cyangwa plaque ya electrode itacengewe neza, ion ya lithium izabura, hanyuma isahani ya lithium.

Hanyuma, firime ya SEI hejuru ya electrode mbi nayo ni ngombwa cyane! Niba bibyibushye cyane cyangwa byangiritse, ioni ya lithium ntishobora kwinjira muri electrode mbi, kandi ibintu bya lithium bizagaragara.

III. Nigute dushobora gukemura isahani ya lithium?

Ntugire impungenge, dufite uburyo bwo guhangana na lithium.

Turashobora guhindura imiterere ya bateri. Kurugero, shushanya bateri mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, gabanya agace kitwa Overhang, koresha igishushanyo mbonera cya tab, kandi uhindure igipimo cya N / P kugirango lithium ion itembera neza.

Kugenzura uburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri no gusohora nabyo ni ngombwa. Ninkaho gutunganya "amategeko yumuhanda" akwiye kuri lithium ion. Igenzura kwishyuza no gusohora voltage, ikigezweho, nubushyuhe kugirango reaction ya lithium idashoboka.

Kunoza imiterere ya electrolyte nayo nibyiza. Turashobora kongeramo imyunyu ya lithium, inyongeramusaruro, cyangwa gufatanya gukora kugirango electrolyte ibe nziza. Ntishobora kubuza gusa kwangirika kwa electrolyte ahubwo irashobora no gukumira reaction ya lithium.

Turashobora kandi guhindura ibikoresho bibi bya electrode. Ninkaho gushyira "imyenda ikingira" kuri electrode mbi. Binyuze muburyo nko gutwikira hejuru, doping, cyangwa kuvanga, turashobora kunoza ituze hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurwanya anti-lithium ya electrode mbi.

Nibyo, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri nayo ni ngombwa. Ninkaho "butler" ifite ubwenge ikurikirana kandi ikanagenzura neza uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora mugihe nyacyo kugirango barebe ko bateri ikora mubihe bitekanye, irinde kwishyuza no gusohora, no kugabanya ibyago byo guterwa na litiro.

IV. Ni izihe ngaruka isahani ya lithium igira kuri bateri?

Isahani ya Litiyumu ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza! Bizatera lithium dendrite gukura imbere muri bateri. Iyi lithium dendrite isa nabateza ibibazo bike. Bashobora kwinjira mubitandukanya bagatera uruziga rugufi rwimbere, bikaba bibi cyane. Ahari bizanatera impanuka zumuriro nimpanuka zumutekano. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo gutunganya lithium, umubare wa ioni ya lithium uragabanuka, kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri nabwo buzagabanuka, bigabanya igihe cya bateri.

V. Ni irihe sano riri hagati yubushyuhe buke hamwe na lithium?

Ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buke, electrolyte izahinduka. Imvura ya Litiyumu kuri electrode mbi izarushaho gukomera, inzitizi yo kohereza amafaranga iziyongera, kandi imiterere ya kinetic nayo izangirika. Ibi bintu byahujwe ni nko kongeramo lisansi kuri plaque ya lithium, bigatuma bateri ya lithium ikunda kwibasirwa na lithium ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buke kandi bikagira ingaruka kumikorere byihuse nubuzima bwigihe kirekire bwa bateri.

VI. Nigute sisitemu yo gucunga bateri yagabanya plaque ya lithium?

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri irakomeye cyane! Irashobora gukurikirana ibipimo bya bateri mugihe nyacyo, kimwe nijisho ryamaso, buri gihe ukareba uko bateri imeze. Noneho hindura ingamba zo kwishyuza ukurikije amakuru kugirango lithium ion yumvire.

Irashobora kandi kumenya impinduka zidasanzwe mumashanyarazi ya batiri. Kimwe nubushakashatsi bwubwenge, burashobora guhanura ibintu bya lithium mbere yo kubyirinda.

Imicungire yubushyuhe nayo ni ngombwa cyane! Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri irashobora gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha bateri kugirango igenzure ubushyuhe bwimikorere kandi itume ioni ya lithium igenda mubushyuhe bukwiye kugirango igabanye ibyago byo guterwa na lithium.

Kwishyuza kuringaniza nabyo ni ngombwa. Irashobora kwemeza ko buri bateri imwe mumapaki ya batiri yishyurwa neza, kimwe no kwemerera buri ion ya lithium kubona "icyumba gito".

Byongeye kandi, binyuze mu iterambere ryibikoresho bya siyansi, turashobora kandi guhindura ibikoresho bibi bya electrode nuburyo bwububiko bwa bateri kugirango bateri ikomere.

Hanyuma, guhindura igipimo cyo kwishyuza no kugabura nabyo ni ngombwa. Irinde ubucucike bukabije bwaho kandi ushireho ingufu zishyirwaho zogukata amashanyarazi kugirango lithium ion yinjizwe neza muri electrode mbi.

Mu gusoza, nubwo ibintu bya plaque ya lithium muri bateri ya lithium bitera ikibazo gito, mugihe cyose dusobanukiwe byimazeyo ibitera kandi tugafata ingamba zifatika zo gukumira no kugenzura, dushobora gukora bateri ya lithium itekanye, ikagira imikorere myiza, kandi ikagira ubuzima burambye. Reka dufatanye kurinda bateri zacu za lithium!