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Hlalosa karolo ea bohlokoa ea electrolyte ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ea libeteri.

2024-08-30

Kajeno, ka botumo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba likoloi tse ncha tse nang le matla, lebelo le lebelo la ho tjhaja e se e le eona ntho e tšoenyang haholo bareki. Joaloka "pelo" ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li khetholla ka ho toba sebaka sa koloi le bokhoni ba ho tjhaja. Har'a likarolo tsa mantlha tsa libeteri tsa lithium-ion, electrolyte e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa.

I. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa Libetri tsa Lithium-ion le Bohlokoa ba Electrolyte

Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion o tšoana le "setulo se sisinyehang". Ha ho tjhaja, li-ion tsa lithium li lokolloa ho electrode e ntle, li feta ka karohano, li fallela ho electrode e mpe ka electrolyte, 'me qetellong li kenngoa ka har'a electrode e mpe. Ka nako ena, electrode e mpe e boloka matla. Ha e ntša, li-ion tsa lithium li lokolloa ho electrode e mpe, ho khutlela ho electrode e ntle ka electrolyte, le ho lokolla matla. Ho ka boleloa hore electrolyte ke sesebelisoa sa ho falla ho feto-fetohang ha li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa li-electrode, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e ama ka ho toba nako ea ho tjhaja le ho qeta nako ea betri.

II. Kamoo Li-electrolyte li Amang Battery ka Potlako Ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja

Electrolyte ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho electrolyte mme e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ea betri. Pele ho tsohle, conductivity ea ionic ea electrolyte e ama ka ho toba lebelo la ho falla ha li-ion tsa lithium ka electrolyte. Li-electrolyte tse nang le ionic conductivity e phahameng li ka etsa hore li-ion tsa lithium li tsamaee kapele pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe, kahoo li khutsufatsa nako ea ho tjhaja. Mohlala, li-electrolyte tse ling tse ncha li na le motsamao o phahameng oa ionic mme li ka fana ka mocha o sebetsang hantle oa lipalangoang oa ion nakong ea ho tjhaja kapele.

Taba ea bobeli, botsitso ba electrolyte le bona bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako. Nakong ea ho tjhaja ka potlako, mocheso o phahameng le voltage li tla hlahisoa ka har'a betri. Haeba electrolyte e sa tsitsa, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le ho bola kapa maikutlo a lehlakoreng, a amang ts'ebetso le bophelo ba betri. Ka hona, ho khetha electrolyte e nang le botsitso bo botle ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho finyella ho tjhaja ka potlako.

III. Lintlha tse Amang Ts'ebetso ea Electrolyte ka potlako ea ho tjhaja

Mefuta ea solvent
Hajoale, li-solvents tsa electrolyte tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa carbonates le carboxylates tse nang le ketane le meaho ea cyclic. Sebaka sa ho qhibiliha le viscosity ea solvents tsena e tla ama lebelo la phallo ea lithium ion. Ha sebaka se qhibilihisang le viscosity ea solvent mocheso oa kamore, ho matlafala ha ionic conductivity le ho phahamisa coefficient ea ho itšehla thajana ea lithium ion, ka tsela eo ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ea betri.
Ka mohlala, li-solvents tse nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha le viscosity e tlaase li ka fana ka mocha o bonolo oa ho falla bakeng sa li-ion tsa lithium, feela joaloka tsela e pharaletseng le e bataletseng motseng, e lumellang likoloi (lithium ions) ho tsamaea ka potlako.
Khatiso ea electrolyte
Ho eketsa bongata ba electrolyte ho ka eketsa haholo coefficient ea ho itšehla thajana ea lithium ion. Sena se tšoana le ho eketsa bophara ba mocha, ho lumella li-ion tsa lithium ho feta ka potlako, ka hona ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion.
Ak'u nahane hore motsoako o phahameng oa electrolyte o tšoana le tsela e kholo e pharaletseng e ka amohelang li-ion tsa lithium hore li fete kapele.
Nomoro ea ho falla ha ion
Li-electrolyte tse nang le palo e kholo ea ho falla ha ion li ka mamella sekhahla se phahameng sa tefiso tlas'a boemo bo tšoanang ba ho tjhaja. Sena se tšoana le taolo e matla ea sephethephethe e netefatsang hore likoloi li feta kapele nakong ea lebelo.
Li-electrolyte tse nang le palo e phahameng ea ho falla ha ion li ka tataisa ho falla ha lithium ion le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho tjhaja.
Tlhahiso ea solvent le conductivity
Lithium ion conductivity ka li-electrolyte tse nang le metsoako e fapaneng ea solvent le eona e fapane, 'me e na le liphello tse fapaneng ts'ebetsong ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ea betri.
Ka ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea solvent, motsoako o loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho falla ha lithium ion o ka fumanoa ho ntlafatsa conductivity le ho finyella lebelo la ho tjhaja ka potlako.
Botsitso ba nako e telele ea potoloho
Metsoako e meng ea electrolyte e ka ntlafatsa botsitso ba potoloho le matla a ho ntša betri, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ea hatella ketsahalo ea lithium plating holim'a electrode e mpe ea betri, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako.
Joalo ka ho fana ka tikoloho e tsitsitseng ea ho sebetsa bakeng sa betri, ho netefatsa hore li-ion tsa lithium li ka lula li falla hantle nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea nako e telele.

IV. Mokhoa oa ho Ntlafatsa Ts'ebetso ea Electrolyte

Ho ntlafatsa conductivity ea electrolyte, lintlha tse latelang li ka qalisoa:

Ntlafatsa khetho ea electrolyte: Khetha li-electrolyte tse nang le ionic conductivity e phahameng, joalo ka matsoai a macha a lithium kapa lisebelisoa tse tsoakiloeng tsa electrolyte. Li-electrolyte tsena li ka fana ka li-ion tsa mahala le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba lipalangoang tsa ion.
Fetola sebopeho sa solvent: Ka ho ntlafatsa mefuta le boholo ba solvents, fokotsa viscosity ea electrolyte le ho eketsa lebelo la phallo ea ion. Ka mohlala, ho sebelisa li-solvents tse tlaase kapa li-solvents tse tsoakiloeng li ka ntlafatsa conductivity ea electrolyte.
Ts'ebeliso ea li-additives: Ho eketsa palo e nepahetseng ea li-additives ho ka ntlafatsa conductivity ea electrolyte. Li-additives tsena li ka eketsa palo ea ho falla ha ion le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sehokelo lipakeng tsa eleketrode le electrolyte, ka hona, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ea betri.
Taolo ea mocheso: Ka har'a mefuta e itseng, ho eketsa mocheso oa betri ho ka fokotsa viscosity ea electrolyte le ho eketsa conductivity ea ionic. Leha ho le joalo, mocheso o phahameng haholo o ka ama botsitso le nako ea bophelo ba betri, kahoo e hloka ho laoloa ka har'a sebaka se loketseng sa mocheso.

V. Bohlokoa ba Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Electrolyte

Ka ho ntlafatsa mefuta ea li-solvents, ho lokisa mahloriso a electrolyte, ho eketsa palo ea ho falla ha ion, le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea solvent, lebelo la ho falla ha lithium ions ka electrolyte le ka eketseha ka katleho, kahoo le khutsufatsa nako ea ho tjhaja. Sena ha se ntlafatse feela boiphihlelo ba basebelisi ba bareki, se fana ka sebaka se betere le boiphihlelo ba ho tjhaja bakeng sa maeto a malelele a likoloi tsa motlakase, empa hape se khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa matla.

Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji, ho lumeloa hore ts'ebetso ea electrolyte e tla ntlafatsoa le ho feta, e tlise matla a matla le mekhoa e bonolo ea tšebeliso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla. A re lebelleng ka thabo lintlafatso tse ncha ts'ebetsong ea ho tjhaja ka potlako likoloi tse ncha tsa matla le ho kenya letsoho ho feta bokamosong ba maeto a tala.