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Bonisa indima ephambili ye-electrolyte ekuphuculeni ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kweebhetri.

2024-08-30

Namhlanje, ngokunyuka kokuthandwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, uluhlu kunye nesantya sokutshaja ziye zaba yeyona nto iphambili kubathengi. Njengoko "intliziyo" yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinquma ngokuthe ngqo uluhlu lwesithuthi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja. Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, i-electrolyte idlala indima ebalulekileyo.

I. Umgaqo wokuSebenza weebhetri zeLithium-ion kunye nokubaluleka kwe-Electrolyte

Umgaqo osebenzayo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion ufana ne "rocking chair". Xa utshaja, ii-ion ze-lithium zikhutshwa kwi-electrode efanelekileyo, zidlule kwi-separator, ziqhubele kwi-electrode engafanelekanga kwi-electrolyte, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifakwe kwi-electrode engalunganga. Ngeli xesha, i-electrode engalunganga igcina amandla. Xa ukhupha, i-lithium ion ikhutshwa kwi-electrode engafanelekanga, ibuyele kwi-electrode efanelekileyo nge-electrolyte, kwaye ikhulule amandla. Kunokuthiwa ukuba i-electrolyte ngumthwali wokufuduka okuguquguqukayo kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwe-electrodes, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukutshaja kunye nexesha lokukhupha ibhetri.

II. Indlela i-Electrolytes eyichaphazela ngayo ibhetri ukuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kokuSebenza

I-electrolyte iyinxalenye ephambili kwi-electrolyte kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokukhawuleza kokutshaja kwebhetri. Okokuqala, i-ionic conductivity ye-electrolyte ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya sokufuduka se-lithium ion kwi-electrolyte. I-Electrolytes ene-ionic conductivity ephezulu inokwenza i-lithium ion ihambe ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ixesha lokutshaja. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye ii-electrolyte ezintsha zinokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-ionic kwaye zinokubonelela ngeshaneli yothutho ye-ion esebenzayo ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

Okwesibini, ukuzinza kwe-electrolyte nako kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhawuleza kokutshaja. Ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nombane wombane uya kuveliswa ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukuba i-electrolyte ayizinzanga, ukubola okanye ukusabela okusecaleni kunokwenzeka, kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi bebhetri. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha i-electrolyte ngokuzinza okulungileyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

III. Izinto ezichaphazela ukuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kokuSebenza kwe-Electrolyte

Iintlobo zokunyibilikisa
Okwangoku, izinyibilikisi ze-electrolyte ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-carbonates kunye ne-carboxylates ngekhonkco kunye nezakhiwo ze-cyclic. Indawo yokunyibilika kunye ne-viscosity yalezi zinyibilikisi ziyakuchaphazela isantya sokusasazwa kwee-ion ze-lithium. Okukhona isezantsi iqondo lokunyibilika kunye ne-viscosity ye-solvent kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kokukhona i-ionic conductivity yomelele kwaye iphezulu i-self-diffusion coefficient ye-lithium ion, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kokusebenza kwebhetri.
Ngokomzekelo, ezinye i-solvents ezinendawo ephantsi yokuncibilika kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi inokubonelela ngeshaneli yokufuduka ehamba phambili ye-lithium ion, njengendawo ebanzi kunye necala kwisixeko, evumela izithuthi (i-lithium ions) ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukugxininiswa kwe-Electrolyte
Ukwandisa ukuxinana kwe-electrolyte kunokunyusa kakhulu i-coefficient ye-self-diffusion ye-lithium ion. Oku kufana nokwandisa ububanzi betshaneli, ukuvumela i-lithium ion ukuba idlule ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kokutshaja kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Khawufane ucinge ukuba i-electrolyte ephezulu ifana nomgwaqo omkhulu obanzi onokufaka i-lithium ion ezininzi ukuba zidlule ngokukhawuleza.
Inombolo yokufuduka ye-ion
I-Electrolyte enenombolo enkulu yokufuduka kwe-ion inokumelana nezinga eliphezulu lokutshaja phantsi kwemeko efanayo yokutshaja. Oku kufana nolawulo olululo lwezithuthi oluqinisekisa ukuba iimoto zidlula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokungxama.
I-Electrolyte enenombolo ephezulu yokufuduka kwe-ion inokukhokela ngokufanelekileyo ukufuduka kwe-lithium ion kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-solvent kunye ne-conductivity
I-lithium ion conductivity kwi-electrolytes eneendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-solvent nayo iyahluka, kwaye ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ekusebenzeni kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwebhetri.
Ngokulungisa ukuqulunqwa kwe-solvent, eyona nto ifanelekileyo idibaniso ye-lithium ion migration inokufumaneka ukuphucula i-conductivity kunye nokufezekisa isantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuzinza komjikelo wexesha elide
Olunye ulwakhiwo lwe-electrolyte lunokuphucula ukuzinza komjikelo kunye nomthamo wokukhupha ibhetri, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ucinezele isenzeko se-lithium plating kwi-electrode engalunganga yebhetri, ngakumbi ukuphucula ukusebenza kokutshaja okukhawulezayo.
Kanye njengokubonelela ngendawo yokusebenza ezinzileyo yebhetri, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-lithium ion inokuhlala ifuduka ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.

IV. Ukuphucula njani ukusebenza kwe-Electrolyte

Ukuphucula i-conductivity ye-electrolyte, le miba ilandelayo inokuqaliswa:

Lungiselela ukhetho lwe-electrolyte: Khetha i-electrolyte ene-ionic conductivity ephezulu, njengetyuwa ye-lithium entsha okanye iinkqubo ezixubeneyo ze-electrolyte. Ezi electrolyte zinokubonelela ngee-ion ezisimahla kunye nokwandisa umthamo wothutho lwe-ion.
Lungisa ukubunjwa kwe-solvent: Ngokulungisa iintlobo kunye nomlinganiselo we-solvents, ukunciphisa i-viscosity ye-electrolyte kunye nokwandisa i-ion diffusion speed. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-low-viscosity solvents okanye iinkqubo ezixubileyo ze-solvent zingaphucula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-electrolyte.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo: Ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo lezongezo eziqhubayo kunokuphucula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-electrolyte. Ezi zongezo zinokunyusa inani lokufuduka kwe-ion kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-interface phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwebhetri.
Ulawulo lobushushu: Kuluhlu oluthile, ukwandisa ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri kunokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-electrolyte kunye nokwandisa i-ionic conductivity. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu bunokuchaphazela uzinzo kunye nobomi bebhetri, ngoko ke kufuneka ukulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu lobushushu obufanelekileyo.

V. Ukubaluleka kokuSebenza kwe-Electrolyte

Ngokuphucula iintlobo ze-solvent, ukulungelelanisa ugxininiso lwe-electrolyte, ukwandisa inani lokufuduka kwe-ion, kunye nokuphucula ukubunjwa kwe-solvent, isantya sokufuduka se-lithium ion kwi-electrolyte sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela sinciphisa ixesha lokuhlawula. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela amava omsebenzisi wabathengi, kunika uluhlu olungcono kunye namava okuhlawula ukuhamba umgama omde wezithuthi zombane, kodwa kwakhona kukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji, kukholelwa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-electrolyte kuya kuphuculwa ngakumbi, kuzisa amandla anamandla kunye neendlela ezisebenziseka lula kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha. Masijonge phambili kwimpumelelo entsha ekusebenzeni ngokukhawuleza kokutshaja kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye negalelo ngakumbi kwikamva lokuhamba okuluhlaza.