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Veza indima ebalulekile ye-electrolyte ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokushaja okusheshayo kwamabhethri.

2024-08-30

Namuhla, ngokuthandwa okwandayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha, ububanzi nesivinini sokushaja sekuyizinto ezigxilwe kakhulu kubathengi. "Njengenhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anquma ngokuqondile ububanzi bemoto nokusebenza kahle kokushaja. Phakathi kwezinhlaka eziyinhloko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-electrolyte idlala indima ebalulekile.

I. Umgomo Wokusebenza Wamabhethri e-Lithium-ion kanye Nokubaluleka Kwe-Electrolyte

Umgomo wokusebenza wamabhethri e-lithium-ion ufana "nesihlalo esinyakazayo". Lapho ishaja, i-lithium ion ikhishwa ku-electrode eqondile, idlule kusihlukanisi, idlulele ku-electrode engemihle ku-electrolyte, futhi ekugcineni ishumekwe ku-electrode engalungile. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-electrode engalungile igcina amandla. Lapho ikhipha, ama-ion e-lithium akhululwa ku-electrode engalungile, abuyele ku-electrode enhle nge-electrolyte, futhi akhulule amandla. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-electrolyte iyisithwali sokufuduka okuguqulwayo kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwama-electrode, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile isikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri.

II. Indlela Ama-Electrolyte Athinta Ngayo Ukusebenza Kwebhethri Ngokushesha

I-electrolyte iyisakhi esiyinhloko ku-electrolyte futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kokushaja okusheshayo kwebhethri. Okokuqala, i-ionic conductivity ye-electrolyte ithinta ngokuqondile isivinini sokufuduka kwe-lithium ion ku-electrolyte. Ama-Electrolyte ane-ionic conductivity ephezulu angenza i-lithium ion ihambe ngokushesha phakathi kwama-electrode e-positive kanye ne-negative, ngaleyo ndlela afinyeze isikhathi sokushaja. Isibonelo, amanye ama-electrolyte amasha anokunyakaza kwe-ionic okuphezulu futhi anganikeza isiteshi sokuthutha se-ion esisebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi nokushaja okusheshayo.

Okwesibili, ukuzinza kwe-electrolyte nakho kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kokushaja okusheshayo. Ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu namandla kagesi kuzokhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Uma i-electrolyte ingazinzi, ukubola noma ukusabela okusemaceleni kungase kwenzeke, kuthinte ukusebenza nempilo yebhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-electrolyte ngokuzinza okuhle kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukushaja okusheshayo.

III. Izinto Ezithinta Ukushaja Ngokushesha Ukusebenza Kwe-Electrolyte

Izinhlobo ze-solvent
Njengamanje, izinyibilikisi ze-electrolyte ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka ama-carbonates nama-carboxylate anamaketango kanye nezakhiwo zama-cyclic. Iphuzu lokuncibilika kanye ne-viscosity yalezi zincibilikisi kuzothinta ijubane lokusabalalisa lama-ion e-lithium. Lapho iphoyinti lokuncibilika liphansi kanye ne-viscosity ye-solvent ekamelweni lokushisa, i-ionic conductivity iqina futhi ikhuphuka i-coefficient yokuzihlukanisa ye-lithium ion, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushaja okusheshayo kwebhethri.
Isibonelo, ezinye izinto ezincibilikisayo ezinephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi kanye ne-viscosity ephansi zinganikeza isiteshi sokufuduka esibushelelezi se-lithium ion, njengomgwaqo obanzi noyisicaba edolobheni, okuvumela izimoto (i-lithium ion) ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha.
Ukuhlushwa kwe-Electrolyte
Ukwandisa ukugxila kwe-electrolyte kungakhuphula kakhulu i-coefficient yokuzihlukanisa ye-lithium ion. Lokhu kufana nokwandisa ububanzi besiteshi, ukuvumela i-lithium ion ukuthi idlule ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushaja okusheshayo kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Ake ucabange ukuthi ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-electrolyte kufana nomgwaqo omkhulu obanzi ongafaka ama-ion e-lithium amaningi ukuthi adlule ngokushesha.
Inombolo yokufuduka ye-ion
Ama-Electrolyte anenombolo enkulu yokufuduka kwe-ion angamelana nezinga eliphezulu lokushaja ngaphansi kwesimo sokushaja esifanayo. Lokhu kufana nokulawulwa kwethrafikhi ngokuphumelelayo okuqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zidlula ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokugijima.
Ama-Electrolyte anenombolo ephezulu yokufuduka kwe-ion angaqondisa ngempumelelo kakhulu ukufuduka kwama-ion e-lithium futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushaja.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-solvent kanye ne-conductivity
I-lithium ion conductivity kuma-electrolyte ane-solvent formulations ehlukene nayo ihlukile, futhi inemiphumela ehlukile ekusebenzeni kokushaja okusheshayo kwebhethri.
Ngokulungiselela ukwakheka kwe-solvent, inhlanganisela efaneleke kakhulu yokufuduka kwe-lithium ion ingatholakala ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-conductivity futhi kuzuzwe isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo.
Ukuzinza komjikelezo wesikhathi eside
Okunye ukwakheka kwe-electrolyte kungathuthukisa ukuzinza komjikelezo namandla okuphuma ebhethri, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kucindezela isenzakalo se-lithium plating ku-electrode engalungile yebhethri, kuqhubeke kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokushaja okusheshayo.
Njengokunikeza indawo yokusebenza ezinzile yebhethri, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-lithium ion ingahlala ifuduka kahle phakathi nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

IV. Ungayithuthukisa Kanjani I-Electrolyte Conductivity

Ukuze uthuthukise ukuqhutshwa kwe-electrolyte, izici ezilandelayo zingaqalwa:

Lungiselela ukukhetha kwe-electrolyte: Khetha ama-electrolyte ane-ionic ephezulu conductivity, njengamanye amasawoti e-lithium amasha noma amasistimu e-electrolyte axutshwe. Lawa ma-electrolyte anganikeza ama-ion amahhala futhi athuthukise umthamo wokuthutha we-ion.
Lungisa ukwakheka kwe-solvent: Ngokulungiselela izinhlobo nezilinganiso zezincibilikisi, nciphisa i-viscosity ye-electrolyte futhi ukhuphule isivinini sokusabalalisa ion. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izincibilikisi ze-viscosity ephansi noma amasistimu e-solvent exubile kungathuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-electrolyte.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo: Ukwengeza inani elifanele lezithasiselo ezisebenzayo kungathuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-electrolyte. Lezi zengezo zingakhuphula inombolo yokufuduka kwe-ion futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwe-electrode ne-electrolyte, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokushaja okusheshayo kwebhethri.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa: Phakathi kwebanga elithile, ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwebhethri kunganciphisa i-viscosity ye-electrolyte futhi kwandise ukuqhutshwa kwe-ionic. Nokho, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lingase lithinte ukuzinza nempilo yebhethri, ngakho lidinga ukulawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele.

V. Ukubaluleka Kokuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kwe-Electrolyte

Ngokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ze-solvent, ukulungisa ukuhlushwa kwe-electrolyte, ukwandisa inombolo yokufuduka kwe-ion, nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-solvent, isivinini sokufuduka se-lithium ion ku-electrolyte singakhushulwa ngokuphumelelayo, ngaleyo ndlela sifinyeze isikhathi sokushaja. Lokhu akuthuthukisi kuphela ulwazi lwabasebenzisi kubathengi, kunikeza ububanzi obungcono nolwazi lokushaja lokuhamba amabanga amade ezimoto zikagesi, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha.

Ngokuzayo, ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, kukholakala ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-electrolyte kuzothuthukiswa, kulethe amandla anamandla nezindlela ezisebenziseka kalula ezimotweni zamandla amasha. Masibheke phambili empumelelweni emisha ekushajeni okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha futhi sinikele kakhulu ekusaseni lohambo oluluhlaza.